![]() ![]() A metagenomic approach has also been applied to the relationship between resident microbiomes and the development of reproductive diseases. In cows, most of the studies has been carried out on ruminal microbiota. A new concept of pathobiome, which can be defined as the microbiota environment integrating also pathogenic agents, is taking shape and has been recently discussed and thoughtfully reviewed. Recent studies on gut microbiota have provided the evidence that the onset of a disease can be the result of a change in the interaction with other microorganisms. the microbial community belonging to healthy individuals, includes potential pathogens. Metagenomic techniques have also revealed how “healthy” microbiota, e.g. Microbiota establishes mutual relationship with its hosts and the resulting cross-talk extends beyond the balance between tolerance to commensal micro-organisms and developing protection against pathogens. The development of culture-independent techniques by means of high-throughput DNA sequencing has just begun to unravel the impact of large community of micro-organisms, the so called microbiota, on human and animal health. There was no additional external funding received for this study.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The raw sequences have been submitted to in NCBI under the Bioproject accession number PRJNA384692.įunding: The present investigation was entirely carried out with the financial support of Grant IZS ME 10/13 RC – Ricerca Corrente 2013 MIUR. Received: ApAccepted: AugPublished: September 19, 2017Ĭopyright: © 2017 Catozzi et al. PLoS ONE 12(9):Įditor: Arda Yildirim, Gaziosmanpasa Universitesi, TURKEY (2017) The microbiota of water buffalo milk during mastitis. Discriminant analysis presents the evidence that the microbial community of healthy and clinical mastitis could be discriminated on the background of their microbiota profiles.Ĭitation: Catozzi C, Sanchez Bonastre A, Francino O, Lecchi C, De Carlo E, Vecchio D, et al. Other genera, such as SMB53 and Solibacillus, were decreased as well. The presence of mastitis was found to be related to the change in the relative abundance of genera, such as Psychrobacter, whose relative abundance decreased from 16.26% in the milk samples from healthy quarters to 3.2% in clinical mastitis. Only two genera ( Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas) were present in all the samples from sub-clinical mastitis, and no genus was shared across all in clinical mastitis milk samples. The core microbiota of water buffalo milk, defined as the asset of microorganisms shared by all healthy milk samples, includes 15 genera, namely Micrococcus, Propionibacterium, 5-7N15, Solibacillus, Staphylococcus, Aerococcus, Facklamia, Trichococcus, Turicibacter, 02d06, SMB53, Clostridium, Acinetobacter, Psychrobacter and Pseudomonas. The microbiota diversity of milk from healthy quarters was richer as compared to samples with sub-clinical mastitis, whose microbiota diversity was in turn richer as compared to those from clinical mastitis. Significant differences were found in milk samples from healthy quarters and those with sub-clinical and clinical mastitis. Bacterial DNA was purified and the 16S rRNA genes were individually amplified and sequenced. A total of 137 quarter samples were included in the experimental design: 27 samples derived from healthy, culture negative quarters, with a Somatic Cell Count (SCC) of less than 200,000 cells/ml 27 samples from quarters with clinical mastitis 83 samples were collected from quarters with subclinical mastitis, with a SCC number greater of 200,000 cells/ml and/or culture positive for udder pathogens, without clinical signs of mastitis. The aim of this study was to define the microbiota of water buffalo milk during sub-clinical and clinical mastitis, as compared to healthy status, by using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. ![]()
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